Asked by a reader in Bengaluru

The contract has an arbitration clause. Does that block my consumer case?

Answered by Advocate Sharan Jain··Consumer Protection Law

Legal Shorts · 79 words

An arbitration clause does not, by itself, take away an eligible consumer's right to use the consumer commission. The Supreme Court has upheld that additional statutory remedy despite such clauses. You must still establish consumer status, a maintainable complaint and the correct jurisdiction. If arbitration or another proceeding has already begun, disclose it and assess its effect before filing. Keep the agreement and any arbitration notice together so that the forum question is decided on the actual procedural position.

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This objection appears in almost every builder matter and a good many finance and insurance matters. It is raised because it works often enough on complainants who do not know the answer, and it is withdrawn quickly when they do.

Section 100, Consumer Protection Act, 2019. The provisions of this Act shall be in addition to and not in derogation of the provisions of any other law for the time being in force. The remedy is therefore additional. It sits alongside whatever contractual or statutory route also exists, and it does not have to be surrendered because another route was agreed.

Why the clause does not bite

Two reasons, and they are independent of each other, so the objection has to defeat both.

  • The remedy is statutory and additional. The commission's jurisdiction comes from the Act, not from the contract. Parties cannot agree to remove a jurisdiction that Parliament conferred, any more than an exclusive-jurisdiction clause can override Section 34(2).
  • The Act protects a class, not just a party. Consumer legislation exists precisely because the bargaining power in a standard-form contract is unequal. Allowing a clause drafted by the stronger party to remove the protection would defeat the statute's purpose, and courts have said so consistently.

The position has been settled by the Supreme Court and by the National Commission, most visibly in the builder cases, where clauses of this kind were pressed hard and rejected. It is now a routine objection with a routine answer.

Is the arbitration clause in a contract you signed as a consumer?

Yes, and the grievance is deficiency in service or an unfair trade practice: the consumer commission is open to you, and the choice is yours. You may still arbitrate if you prefer, but you cannot be made to.

Yes, but the goods or services were obtained for a commercial purpose: you are likely outside Section 2(7) and outside the Act altogether, and arbitration or a civil suit is your route.

No, the dispute is between two businesses under a commercial contract: the arbitration clause governs and the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 applies.

The trap that does exist

The real risk is not the clause. It is the commercial purpose exclusion in Section 2(7). If the flat, the vehicle or the equipment was acquired for business use rather than for personal use or for earning a livelihood by self-employment, you may not be a consumer, and then the arbitration clause is the only thing left standing. That is the point the opposite party should be arguing, and it is the point to test honestly before filing.

If arbitration has already begun, take advice before filing a consumer complaint on the same cause of action. Running both is not a neat parallel track, and a partly executed arbitration changes the picture. The choice is best made once, and made early.

Sources

The law this answer relies on, so you can read it yourself.

  1. 1.Consumer Protection Act, 2019 - 100 Read the source
  2. 2.Emaar MGF Land v Aftab Singh, Supreme Court, 2018 - 54-56 Read the source
  3. 3.Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. Official consolidated text on India Code, the Government of India repository of Central Acts. Read the source
  4. 4.Consumer Protection Act, 2019. Official consolidated text on India Code, the Government of India repository of Central Acts. Read the source

The short answer's sources were checked on 12 September 2026. Statutes and judgments can change, so check the current position before you act on anything here.

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SJ

Answered by

Advocate Sharan Jain

Advocate based in Bangalore, practising before the Karnataka High Court and District, Sessions, Consumer and Family courts. Answers public legal questions to make Indian law more accessible.

This answer is general information on Indian law as at August 22, 2026, published for public education. It is not legal advice, it does not take account of your facts, and reading it does not create an advocate-client relationship. Law changes and every case turns on its own circumstances. Please consult a qualified advocate about your own matter.

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